Suzuki coupling: Pd-catalyzed biaryl formation
0 arrows drawnStep 1 of 3: Oxidative addition
Palladium(0) inserts into an aryl-bromide bond, swaps the bromide for an aryl group from boronic acid, and then collapses both aryls into a new C-C bond as Pd returns to oxidation state 0. The textbook three-step catalytic cycle, written out so the cycle is visible.
Click an atom to start an arrow from a lone pair, or click a bond to start an arrow from that bond. Then click the atom or bond where the electrons land. Atoms are numbered by their position in the SMILES string. Keyboard: Tab to cycle focus, Enter to commit, Esc to cancel. Drag the small handle on a drawn arrow to sculpt the curve; double-click to reset.
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Two-electron is the default for ionic mechanisms. Switch to fishhook for radical / homolytic steps.
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